孝端皇后凤冠

Phoenix Coronet for Empress Xiaoduan

明万历（1573年—1620年）

通高48.5厘米，冠高27厘米，径23.7厘米，重2320克

1957年北京明定陵出土

Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1573–1620)
Overall height: 48.5 cm; Coronet height: 27 cm; Diameter: 23.7 cm; Weight: 2,320 g
Unearthed in 1957 from the Ming Dingling Mausoleum in Beijing

孝端皇后的这件凤冠，是用漆竹扎成帽胎，以丝帛为面料制成。前部饰有九条金龙，口衔珠滴；下有八只点翠金凤，后部也有一金凤，共九龙九凤。此冠共嵌宝石百余块、珍珠4000余颗，造型庄重，制作精美，采用花丝、点翠、镶嵌等多种传统工艺。

This phoenix coronet, worn by Empress Xiaoduan, was made with a lacquered bamboo framework forming the base and silk fabric as the outer covering. The front is adorned with nine golden dragons, each holding a pearl drop in its mouth. Beneath them are eight gold phoenixes decorated with kingfisher feathers, while the back is also fitted with one gold phoenix, forming a total of nine dragons and nine phoenixes. The coronet is set with more than 100 gemstones and over 4,000 pearls. Majestic in form and exquisitely crafted, it incorporates multiple traditional techniques, including filigree, kingfisher-feather inlay, and gemstone setting.

“子龙”青铜鼎

"Zilong" Bronze Ding

商后期

通高103厘米，耳高22厘米，腹高43厘米，足高36.5厘米，口径80厘米

传20世纪20年代河南辉县出土

Late Shang Dynasty
Overall height: 103 cm; Handle height: 22 cm; Belly height: 43 cm; Leg height: 36.5 cm; Mouth diameter: 80 cm
Reportedly unearthed in Hui County, Henan Province, in the 1920s

子龙鼎，因器内壁近口缘处铸有铭文“子龙”而得名。子龙鼎造型雄伟，在商代圆鼎中体积最大，而且铸造精细，是中国古代青铜铸造技术的经典之作。

The Zilong Ding takes its name from the inscription "Zilong" cast near the rim on the inner wall of the vessel. Majestic in form, it is the largest round ding from the Shang Dynasty and is finely cast, representing a classic masterpiece of ancient Chinese bronze-casting technology.

据传，子龙鼎20世纪20年代出土于河南辉县，后流入日本，又辗转至香港。2006年4月，在中央财政设立的“国家重点珍贵文物征集专项经费”支持下，国家文物局将子龙鼎征集入藏国家博物馆。

According to accounts, the Zilong Ding was unearthed in Hui County, Henan Province, in the 1920s, later entered Japan, and subsequently circulated to Hong Kong. In April 2006, with support from the central government's Special Fund for the Acquisition of Key Nationally Significant Cultural Relics, the National Cultural Heritage Administration acquired the Zilong Ding for the National Museum of China.

四羊青铜方尊

SquareVessel with Four Rams

商

上口最大径44.4厘米，高58.6厘米，重34.6千克

1938年湖南宁乡出土

Shang Dynasty

Maximum diameter at mouth: 44.4 cm; Height: 58.6 cm; Weight: 34.6 kg

Unearthed in 1938 in Ningxiang, Hunan Province

四羊青铜方尊，在现存商代青铜方尊之中体型最大。造型雄奇，肩部、腹部与足部作为一体，被巧妙地设计成四只卷角羊，各据一隅。

Among extant Shang-Dynasty bronze square zun vessels, the Square Vessel with Four Rams is the largest. Bold and extraordinary in form, its shoulders, belly, and feet are ingeniously integrated into four rams with curled horns, each occupying a corner.

此器采用了圆雕与浮雕相结合的装饰手法，将四羊与器身巧妙地结合为一体，使原本造型死板的器物变得十分生动。

The vessel combines high- and low-relief decorative techniques, seamlessly uniting the four rams with the vessel's body and transforming what might otherwise be a rigid form into one that is vivid and dynamic.

“天亡”青铜簋

"Tianwang" Bronze Gui

西周

高24.2厘米，口径21厘米，底径18.5厘米

清道光年间陕西郿县出土

Western Zhou Dynasty
Height: 24.2 cm; Mouth diameter: 21 cm; Base diameter: 18.5 cm
Unearthed during the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty in Mei County, Shaanxi Province

“天亡”青铜簋，西周初年的典型器物。器内底铸铭文8行78字，记述了乙亥日周武王举行的盛大典礼，作器者天王辅佑周武王助祭。后来在丁丑日，周武王又举行宜祭。作器者天王受到武王嘉奖，而后铸造该器，纪念武王的恩德。

The "Tianwang" Bronze Gui is a typical vessel of the early Western Zhou period. Cast on the inner base is an inscription of eight lines and seventy-eight characters, recording a grand ceremony held by King Wu of Zhou on the yihai (wood pig) day, during which the vessel's maker, Tianwang, assisted and supported King Wu in the sacrificial rites. Later, on the dingchou (fire ox) day, King Wu again conducted an appropriate sacrificial ceremony. Having been rewarded by the king, Tianwang cast this vessel to commemorate the king's favor.

诅盟场面青铜贮贝器

Bronze Cowrie Container with Sacrificial Ceremony Scene

西汉

通高51厘米，盖径32厘米，底径29.7厘米

1955-1960年云南晋宁石寨山出土

Western Han Dynasty
Overall height: 51 cm; Lid diameter: 32 cm; Base diameter: 29.7 cm
Unearthed between 1955 and 1960 at Shizhaishan, Jinning, Yunnan Province

此器出土时器内贮贝300余枚，上铸圆雕立体人物127人（残缺者未计入），以干栏式建筑上的人物活动为中心，表现了滇王杀祭诅盟的典礼场面。

When excavated, this vessel contained more than 300 cowries. Cast on it are 127 three-dimensional human figures in the round (incomplete figures not included), arranged around activities taking place on stilted buildings. The scene depicts the ceremonial proceedings of curse-making and oath-taking, including sacrificial killings conducted by the King of Dian.